Penyusutan Kelas Menengah di Tengah Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Ancaman terhadap Ketahanan Konsumsi Rumah Tangga
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Abstract
Pemulihan ekonomi Indonesia sepanjang 2021–2025 memperlihatkan arah yang tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan posisi ekonomi rumah tangga, karena ketika pertumbuhan kembali bertahan di sekitar lima persen dan kemiskinan menurun, jumlah kelas menengah justru menyusut. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif atas data BPS serta pengolahan Susenas BPS oleh Mandiri Institute untuk 2025. Jumlah kelas menengah turun dari 53,83 juta orang pada 2021 menjadi 46,70 juta pada 2025, sedangkan kemiskinan turun dari 10,14 persen menjadi 8,47 persen. Pada periode yang sama, pertumbuhan ekonomi bergerak dari 3,69 persen menjadi 5,11 persen dan konsumsi rumah tangga tumbuh 4,98 persen pada 2025. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan indikator agregat belum otomatis memperluas kelompok dengan bantalan ekonomi memadai, sehingga penyusutan kelas menengah tetap relevan bagi ketahanan konsumsi domestik.
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